Malawi

Blindness in Malawi

Malawi was initially settled by migrating Bantu groups in the 10th century. In the late 19th century, British colonists arrived, turning it into a protectorate of the United Kingdom. After gaining independence in 1964, a one-party state under the presidency of Hastings Banda remained in power until 1994. According to the Human Development Index, it is one of the least-developed countries in the world, ranking 172nd out of 193 states, as of 2026. Its population subsists largely on agriculture, with most Malawians living in rural settings.

According to the IAPB Vision Atlas, an estimated 69,000 blind individuals and 1.7 million are experiencing vision loss. The African Health Observatory, a sector of the World Health Organization, stated that up to 80% of all blindness in the country is due to preventable or treatable conditions. However, with only 10-11 practicing ophthalmologists in the entire country, the majority of the population does not have access to necessary eye care.

The leading cause of blindness in Malawi are cataracts, accounting for nearly 50% of all blindness, followed by glaucoma (15%) and trachoma (15%). As part of the global campaign Vision 2020, Malawi developed its second National Action Plan for the Prevention of Blindness. However, most of the country continues to have extremely limited access to eye care services.